Travel Ban

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Nekosama（讨论 | 贡献）2022年6月16日 (四) 17:25的版本
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COVID travel ban 已于 2021年10月25日 宣布取消。以下内容仅作历史参考，现已不适用

针对中国的Ban

针对中国的 Travel Ban，全称 Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Other Appropriate Measures To Address This Risk，我们来看原文：

Sec. 2. Scope of Suspension and Limitation on Entry.

  • (a) Section 1 of this proclamation shall not apply to:
  • (i) 绿卡身份 any lawful permanent resident of the United States; （注意，持有移民签证但尚未入境的，尚不是LPR，故而不得入境。只有登录过的移民才是LPR身份）
  • (ii) 公民或绿卡的配偶 any alien who is the spouse of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident;
  • (iii) 21岁以下且未婚的美国公民的父母或监护人 any alien who is the parent or legal guardian of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident, provided that the U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident is unmarried and under the age of 21;
  • (iv) 21岁以下且未婚的美国公民的兄弟姐妹 any alien who is the sibling of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident, provided that both are unmarried and under the age of 21;
  • (v) 公民或绿卡的养子女，或以IR-4/IH-4身份寻求入境的收养中的子女 any alien who is the child, foster child, or ward of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident, or who is a prospective adoptee seeking to enter the United States pursuant to the IR-4 or IH-4 visa classifications;
  • (vi) 受美国政府邀请对抗COVID的外国人 any alien traveling at the invitation of the United States Government for a purpose related to containment or mitigation of the virus;
  • (vii) 持C/D签的飞机或船舶的机组人员 any alien traveling as a nonimmigrant under section 101(a)(15)(C) or (D) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(C) or (D), as a crewmember or any alien otherwise traveling to the United States as air or sea crew;
  • (viii) 持外交和北约签证人员 any alien seeking entry into or transiting the United States pursuant to an A-1, A-2, C-2, C-3 (as a foreign government official or immediate family member of an official), G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, NATO-1 through NATO-4, or NATO-6 visa;
  • (ix) CDC认为没有传播风险的人员 any alien whose entry would not pose a significant risk of introducing, transmitting, or spreading the virus, as determined by the CDC Director, or his designee;
  • (x) 由总检察长认定的、有助于美国执法的外国人 any alien whose entry would further important United States law enforcement objectives, as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their respective designees based on a recommendation of the Attorney General or his designee; or
  • (xi) 由国务卿认定的、符合美国国家利益的外国人 any alien whose entry would be in the national interest, as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their designees.

Sec. 3. Implementation and Enforcement.

  • (a) 国务卿不得发放签证，国土安全局不得放人入境 The Secretary of State shall implement this proclamation as it applies to visas pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may establish. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall implement this proclamation as it applies to the entry of aliens pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may establish.
  • (b) 各部门不能放人登上飞机 Consistent with applicable law, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that any alien subject to this proclamation does not board an aircraft traveling to the United States.
  • (c) 海关要在各关口实施 The Secretary of Homeland Security may establish standards and procedures to ensure the application and implementation of this proclamation at United States seaports and in between all ports of entry.
  • (d) 偷跑进来，优先遣返 An alien who circumvents the application of this proclamation through fraud, willful misrepresentation of a material fact, or illegal entry shall be a priority for removal by the Department of Homeland Security.

对于签证的影响

虽然这个总统令被俗称为 Travel Ban，但实际上的要求包括：The Secretary of State shall implement this proclamation as it applies to visas.

所以，按照禁令，凡是过去14天内去过中国的人，不得发放签证。实际操作中：

  • 美国驻中国使领馆：严格执行禁令。除非有豁免，否则不得签证
  • 美国驻新加坡大使馆、迪拜大使馆：由于去签证的中国人众多，使馆基本严格执行禁令，抵达后14天方可签发新签证
  • 美国驻墨西哥、加拿大使领馆：不严格执行禁令，因为大多数中国人都是从美国来的。签证官可能没注意你是从中国来的。

AP能入境嘛？

按照Travel Ban原文，不行，AP不是豁免类别之一。连持移民签证都进不来，更何况 I-485 待审这种，移民还没被批的情况。

在疫情初期，CBP发了一份文件，把 AP 列在了 Travel Document 里。对于这份文件的理解，应该是：这些所列的 travel document 仅仅是可被接受的文件，不代表用了这些文件就自动受到豁免。举例就是，某火锅店说，生日当天免费吃火锅，可以凭：身份证、驾照、护照。这不代表你拿了身份证就能免费吃火锅，还是要满足“生日”的条件。用 AP 举个例子就是，如果某夫妻有美国公民的子女，持 AP 作为 travel document 是可以入境的，豁免资格就是宝宝的出生证明。

在实际操作中，有些航司会允许AP登机，有些不允许。美国海关有放人进来的例子，也有把人遣返的例子。如果要持 AP 直接从中国直飞美国，请自己衡量风险。

申请豁免

凡是自动豁免的类别，比如公民配偶、绿卡、美宝父母等，不用申请，直接凭相关证明登机、入境。

凡是豁免类别中提到“as determined by ...”的，则需要向相应的机构申请。

比如，对于绝大多数人来说，就是(xi) any alien whose entry would be in the national interest, as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their designees，所谓NIE。申请的机构是Secretary of State的代理人，也就是国务院管辖的、美国驻各国的使领馆。

取自“https://ebgreencard.com/index.php?title=Travel_Ban&oldid=677”